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Network Virtualization 101: NVE, Overlay & SDN

Note: Material furnished herein are copyright protected. © 2015: Dhiman Deb Chowdhury. All Rights Reserved. In previous article, I have discussed about historical perspective of system virtualization ( http://dhimanchowdhury.blogspot.com/2015/07/network-virtualization-101-prelude.html ): how the need to integrate IBM’s disparate systems to share resource and enable multitasking led to the development of system level virtualization. If you have not read that article, I suggest that you do: it will help you understand the development in network virtualization and benefits thereof. Today, system level virtualization advanced far beyond the conception embraced in IBM’s CP/40 encouraging development works in network and storage level virtualization. However, primary goal remains the same: share resources and enable dynamic capabilities. For network virtualization, complexities marred wide spread deployment of NVE (Network Virtualization Environment) especially in enterp

Distributed High Precision Synchronization Design for 5G

As the fronthaul networks are upgraded to support higher bandwidth for LTE Advanced technologies and 5G, MNOs (Mobile Network Operators) are face with unparalleled challenges to comply with stringent requirements for the synchronization or sync plane across the network. We are witnessing paradigm shift in traditional telecom networks that rendering the transport networks in two distinct parts: RAN (Radio Access Network) and Packet core. However, this process of disaggregation of otherwise tightly coupled transport system into two functionally distinct elements is not easy. It requires decoupling of tightly integrated network functions into bite size pieces for processing, improve bandwidth to deliver enhanced human experience and facilitate advanced application services. This transformation in technologies and the implementations thereof requires that timing information distributed in a precisely frequency and phase-aligned networks for advanced applications to function. Th

5G OpenRAN and O-RAN Synchronization

In my previous article, I discussed about the typical synchronization requirements in 5G xhaul network. To set the background, please peruse it at https://www.dhimanchowdhury.com/2021/08/11/the-critical-imperatives-of-time-synchronization-in-5g-networks/ . Traditionally, fronthaul is defined as the fiber-based connection in RAN infrastructure between the Baseband Unit (BBU) and Remote Radio Head (RRH). In such a setup, the underlay radio protocol stack remains relatively untouched: BBU processes the entire stack once physical layer processing is complete at RRH. In contrast, 5G specification allows splitting of radio stack in eight different areas allowing portability and decomposition of RAN infrastructure. These splits are known as “option” and illustrated in the figure below: 1a indicative of various 5G split options and 1b describes how these split options fit in different parts of 5G BBU (gNB). Please note, the 3GPP specification of 5G specifies that the network should accommoda

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