How do you manage innovation? A guideline of best innovation practices



It seems like we all are increasingly seeking to be more entrepreneurial. These days, innovation is no longer a buzz word; it is in the priority list for startups to large sized corporations. However, despite the growing passion for innovation, many lack ability to execute. It is not about having ideates or a strategy for creativity makes you more innovative – in many cases, even a promising project will fall flat without gaining traction.
Studies show most organizations suffer from dyslexia of understanding their own cognition. Many organizations that fall flat on innovation are usually those having aged syndrome.  These organizations are usually big and often suffer from growing pain while others gradually degenerate to entrenched behavioral pathology: extreme form of this behavioral degeneration is known as “passive aggressive” behavior. At surface, such organizations are clam and sprinkled with few world beaters who seem to be at loss not knowing why most promising projects are not gaining traction. The passive aggressive originations are great examples to learn things that should be avoided. In contrast, some of the willing big corporations developed a way to cope with the challenge, occasionally hiring consultancy firms to instigate change. Yet these steps are merely inadequate to steer an organization towards innovation and merely amount to dosing fire.
Innovation Culture
An important beginning instead would be, to pay attention to important antecedents of innovation culture “perceived organizational fairness”. My research shows, this subtle element is linked to many other interrelated rudiments such as job satisfaction and organizational commitment that collectively shape how people behave in your organization.  Evaluate your management practice and make it more sensitive to human side of things e.g. collaboration, unification, goal orientation and task orientation & relationship orientation (Prasad, Martens & Matthyssens, 2011) etc.  Guide this management practices around core “Value”: create a “Core Value” for your organization.  Align the core value of your organization with “innovation value chain”: idea generation, conversion and diffusion. This is the first step towards achieving behavioral augmentation of your organization: value influence attitude and attitude influences behavior (figure 1).  Organizational Culture, for that matter is the collective reflection of behaviors enforced by innate belief system and artifacts. In my article at Linkedin (Chowdhury, 2015a), I presented a behavioral framework for leaders and employees to foster innovation. This behavioral framework, which I denoted as DCB (Deviant Citizenship Behavior) (Chowdhury, 2015b) is posited to be an important step forward to implement innovation culture in the organization. It is an endogenous quality that requires organization to be risk tolerant, having strategy towards innovation and create appropriate organizational support system that is conduit of innovation. For example, Google created an organizational structure that accommodates unconventional management practices within traditional system.  Organizations that are willing to foster innovation must trained leadership teams to adopt innovation work behavior (IWB) giving meritocracy priority through behavioral augmentation than the hierarchy.

Figure 1. Value, attitude, Behavior and Culture (Chowdhury, 2013).

The next step towards innovation culture is creating environmental support through artifacts, context specific knowledge system (Chowdhury, 2013), risk tolerance, strategy and change management. This environmental support is essential: studies show organizations that failed to implement innovation culture lack adequate understanding of environmental support system for innovation.
Innovation Process
Innovation culture is an important step forward but delivering innovate products and services required more than just cultural initiatives. In human centered design, the process of innovation is viewed from socio-technical system perspective, meaning the two competing systems are one instead of separate systems. It is a balancing act in which design problem is taken from work participants rather than pursuing it as context-free technical issue.  Conversely, in user centered approach, usability is given priority rather than social context of use (Gasson, 2003).  Both approaches seem omit focus on customers.  In contrast, 3M’s “lead user” model is a step forward in customer centric approach to innovation (Eisenberg, 2011). According to Eisenberg (2011), the “lead user” model goes a step further than traditional model of seeking use cases through customer feedbacks, looking not only to the typical customer, but to those users whose needs and preferences lead the market.


Figure 2. Innovation Process.


This insight of “lead user” model is important in the pursuit of ideates since simply having an idea without its firm basis may not produce optimal result. However, there are exceptions such as iphone, Blueray DVD players that are supported through creative marketing. So, if your organization is not prepared for creative marketing and cost associated with it to influence buyer behavior, “lead user” model worth the effort.  Create a selection panel for quarterly review of ideates to be undertaken for further work at invention stage (figure 2).  However, an effort of invention must take into consideration the “contextual” (what problem you are addressing and how useful it is for your customer/marketplace?) and “generative “ (are you taking entrepreneurial or customer perspective into context and/or combination thereof? Is this a purposeful technology? Is your organizational aspiration aligned with the discourse of invention?) aspects of the undertaking. 
Achieving organization’s financial objectives should be central: studies shows success rate of innovation is poor (1% to 7.5% only) in many industries. Such poor success rate is often due to poor innovation practices. 
I recommend that organization considers unified model of development in which traditional product development continues without interruption while budget and process structure is created to support research oriented projects, e.g. disruptive product development.  Moving forward with an invention would be to create “prototypes”. At this stage depending upon organizational practices, appropriate process and technology should bring together to support “productization”. One of the key practices that will enormously benefit organization is to conduct BRR (Business Requirement Review).  What are the tangible and intangible benefits can be realized by this productization. Simple ROI and NPV analyses may miss intangible benefits of the proposed product and hence, create a cross functional panel to evaluate intangible benefits if any. Once BRR is complete, moving forward with productization should use same NPI (New Product Development/Introduction) process that is adopted in your organization.
Note: If you are interested creating innovation practices in your organization, please feel free to communicate with me.
Reference
Chowdhury, D.D., 2013. Deviant Citizenship Behavior towards Sustainability. Working paper. International Journal of Management, Economics and Social Sciences, 2013, Vol. 2(1), pp. 28 – 53.
Chowdhury, D.D., 2015a. Leading Innovation: Transform yourself and your organization. Available at https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/leading-innovation-transform-yourself-your-dhiman-chowdhury?trk=prof-post
Chowdhury, D.D., 2015b. Deviant Citizenship Behavior: A Comprehensive Framework towards Behavioral Excellence in Organizations. The East Asian Journal of Business Management Vol.5, No.1 pp.13-26.
Eisenberg, I., 2011. Lead-User Research for Breakthrough Innovation.  Research-Technology Management, Volume 54, Number 1, January-February 2011, pp. 50-58(9).
Gasson, S., 2003. Human-Centered vs. User-Centered Approaches to Information System Design.  The Journal of Information Technology Theory and Application (JITTA), 5:2, 2003, 29-46.
Prasad, B., Martens , R. & Matthyssens, P., 2011. Managerial Practices for Increasing Perceived Fairness in Interorganizational Projects. The Open Management Journal, 2011, 4, 28-38.
Tanev, S. & Frederiksen, H.M., 2014.  Generative Innovation Practices, Customer Creativity, and the Adoption of New Technology Products. Technology Innovation Management Review. Available online at http://timreview.ca/article/763 .

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